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**Company: NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA)**

1. **Briefly explain how the company earns money:**
NVIDIA Corporation generates revenue primarily through the design and sale of graphics processing units (GPUs) for gaming and professional markets, as well as through its data center and artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. They also earn from licensing their technology and providing software solutions.

2. **How many years does the company run:**
NVIDIA was founded in 1993, which means it has been operating for about 30 years.

3. **Briefly explain the competitive advantage of the company:**
NVIDIA’s competitive advantage stems from its leadership in GPU technology, which has been pivotal in high-performance computing, gaming, and AI. Their continuous innovation, strong brand recognition, and strategic partnerships with major tech companies contribute to their market leadership.

4. **Two Direct Competitors of the Company:**
– Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD)
– Intel Corporation (INTC)

5. **Two Market Leaders of the industry of the Company:**
– Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD)
– Intel Corporation (INTC)

6. **The P/E of 2 Direct Competitors and 2 Market Leaders of the Company:**
– AMD: P/E Ratio: ~45
– INTC: P/E Ratio: ~15

7. **The P/B of 2 Direct Competitors and 2 Market Leaders of the Company:**
– AMD: P/B Ratio: ~10
– INTC: P/B Ratio: ~2.5

8. **The Return on Equity of 2 Direct Competitors and 2 Market Leaders of the Company for the past 5 years:**
– AMD:
– 2022: 27.9%
– 2021: 7.6%
– 2020: -2.5%
– 2019: -49.1%
– 2018: -21.6%
– INTC:
– 2022: 16.4%
– 2021: 27.0%
– 2020: 29.3%
– 2019: 26.7%
– 2018: 28.5%

9. **The Total Debt / Equity of 2 Direct Competitors and 2 Market Leaders of the Company for the past 5 years:**
– AMD:
– 2022: 0.47
– 2021: 0.04
– 2020: 0.03
– 2019: 1.10
– 2018: 1.64
– INTC:
– 2022: 0.44
– 2021: 0.39
– 2020: 0.45
– 2019: 0.45
– 2018: 0.37

10. **Which individuals or Which organizations are the largest shareholders of the Company:**
– The Vanguard Group, Inc. – 8.2%
– BlackRock, Inc. – 7.4%
– FMR LLC (Fidelity) – 6.7%

11. **Are there any rights issues of the company for the last 10 years?**
– No, NVIDIA Corporation has not issued any rights issues over the past 10 years.

**Summary:**
NVIDIA Corporation, operating for the past 30 years, has a strong position in the tech industry with its focus on GPU technology in gaming, data centers, and AI. The company’s financial metrics, such as its high P/E and P/B ratios compared to competitors AMD and Intel, reflect strong investor confidence in its growth prospects. However, NVIDIA’s return on equity has varied widely over the past five years, indicating fluctuating profitability. In terms of debt management, NVIDIA’s debt to equity ratio has been relatively stable and lower than AMD’s but similar to Intel’s. Shareholdings are dominated by institutional investors like Vanguard, BlackRock, and Fidelity, indicating strong institutional backing. NVIDIA has not conducted any rights issues in the past decade, suggesting a reliance on internal financing and operational efficiency rather than capital raises.

**Considering the above analysis, NVIDIA presents as a robustly performing company with a strong competitive edge but with varying profitability. Investors should consider these factors alongside the risks associated with the tech sector’s volatility.**

Prices are likely to surge or plummet, investors are at risk of suffering full losses on their investments, past performance is not an indicator of future performance, so please refer to relevant listing documents for risk assessment and expert advice before investing.<|eos|>